affixation
18.51
Definition
In
linguistics, affixation is the process of adding
a morpheme (or affix) to a word to create either (a) a different form of that
word (e.g., bird → birds),
or (b) a new word with a different meaning (bird → birder). Affixation
is the most common way of making new words in English.
The two
primary kinds of affixation are prefixation (the addition of prefix)
and suffixation
(the addition of a suffix). Clusters of affixes can be used to form complex
word.
root word = words that are able
to have affixes added are called "root words". Although root words
can be further classified as base roots, multiple-word roots, previously-affixed
roots & roots with other combining forms, we will not discuss these
distinctions for the sake of simplicity. (a good example of the
"impreciseness" mentioned above that we must be willing to accept for
the sake of conciseness and clarity.)
affix = a standard set of
letters attached to a root word that creates a new word. An affix is not able
to be used alone in language but must be attached to another unit such as a
root word. The word affix is a general term for a prefix, a suffix or a confix.
Examples
:
Universe(noun)
Universal (adjective)
Protect
( verb) Protective (adjective)
prefix = an affix attached to
the front of a root word that creates a new word.
Examples
:
ex +
wife (noun) = ex-wife (noun)
re +
call (verb) = recall (verb)
re- +
write => rewrite ‘ to write something again ‘
mis- +
understand => misunderstand ‘ to interpret words, instruction, motives etc
wrongly ‘
dis- +
agree => disagree ‘ to have different opinion ‘
suffix = an affix attached at
the end of a root word that creates a new word.
Examples:
beauty +
-ify => beautify ‘ to make something beautiful ‘
national
+ -ize => nationalize ‘ to transfer something from private ownership to
ownership by the state ‘
dark +
-en => darken ‘ to become dark, to cause something to become dark ‘
confix = a prefix and a
suffix attached simultaneously to a root word that performs the single function
of creating a new word (note that English does not have the concepts of either
confix or infix).
Examples:
im- -
ity + mortal => immortality ‘ the state of being immortal ‘
dis-
-ment + agree => disagreement ‘ lack of agreement, a difference of Opinion ‘
il- -ity
+ legal => illegality ‘ the state of being illegal ‘
Supervixes are
affixes that are added from above in the form of sound quality which is called
stress. A change of stress may change the form class of the words, such as from
a noun to a verb.
Some
examples are:
Noun
Verb `
permit
per`mit `
transfer
trans`fer
`record
re`cord `
project
pro` ject
`progress
pro`gress
`import
im`port
infix = an affix that is inserted within a root word and
which creates a new word. An infix is usually placed into the root word after the
first syllable of the root word. Infixes are rarely used in bahasa Indonesia.
derived word = the new word that is
formed when an affix is attached to a root word.
root word family = a related group of
words consisting of a root word and all derived words that were formed from
that root word by the addition of various affixes.
combining form = a linguistic unit
that has a function similar to an affix but which cannot be technically
classified as an affix.
http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/Affixation.htm
0 komentar